![]() ![]() The theoretical part will be interleaved by a number of practical examples and a case study where students will design a real-world magnet for a medical particle accelerator. The main goals are to create a fundamental understanding of electro-magnets used for particle accelerators and beam transfer lines, to provide a guide book with instructions how to start with the design of a standard accelerator magnet and to present aspects related to magnet construction, manufacturing, testing and measurements. ![]() This course is meant as an introduction in magnet technology focusing on normal-conducting, iron-dominated electro-magnets. ![]() The solution of cyclotrons for proton and carbon therapy is covered and the latest development of superconducting synchrocyclotrons for proton-therapy is looked at in some detailĪ fourth part of the course discusses some typical electron accelerators that are used for industrial applications such as the rhodotron and the dynamitronĮrik VANDERKRAAIJ (picture) & Jérôme MANDRILLON ![]() The main requirements and the main sub-systems of the proton-therapy facility are explained. Also some features of targets for radioisotopes are shownĪ third part of the course deals with particle therapy of cancer. Aspects like magnetic design, central region design, internal versus external ion sources, magnetic field mapping and beam extraction are covered. Both medical imaging and brachy-therapy are discussedĪ second part of the course discusses the use of cyclotrons for radioisotope production. Resonances and the path to chaos: Topology of 3rd and 4th order resonance / Path to chaos and resonance overlap / Dynamic apertureįrequency map analysis: NAFF algorithm / Aspects of frequency maps / Frequency and diffusion maps for the LHC / Frequency map for lepton rings / Working point choice / Beam-beam effectĮxperiments: Experimental frequency maps / Beam loss frequency maps / Space-charge frequency scanĪfter a brief introduction to the IBA company, a first part of the course deals with the use of radio-isotopes for medical applications. Perturbation theory : Non-linear oscillator / Perturbation by periodic function – single dipole perturbation / Application to single multipole – resonance conditions / Examples: single quadrupole, sextupole, octupole perturbation / General multi-pole perturbation / Examples: linear coupling / Resonance conditions and working point choice Linear equations with periodic coefficients – Hill’s equations: Floquet solutions and normalized coordinate Non-autonomous systems: Driven (damped) harmonic oscillator / Resonance conditions Phase space dynamics: Fixed point analysis Linear and non-linear oscillators: Integral and frequency of motion / Pendulum / Damped harmonic oscillator Introduction to the principles of beam optics / Analytical treatment of the motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields / Guiding and focusing electrostatic and magnetostatic devices / Equations of motion of charged particles in optical assemblies / Transport matrix / Phase space, emittance, beam matrix / Examples of optical systems and their treatment: spectrometer, mass separator…Īccelerator performance parameters and non-linear effects Lattice Design in Particle Accelerators: Calculation of the optical parameters / FoDo cells: design and optimisation / Interaction regions: the low beta insertion.Ĭhanging the Particle Momentum: beam acceleration and adiabatic shrinking of the emittance / Dispersion trajectories / Orbit lengthening and the momentum compaction factor.Įrrors in Field and Gradient: Quadrupole errors and tune shift / Chromaticity and its correction / Sextupole magnets and the dynamic aperture Particle Trajectographies in a Circular Accelerator: Beam orbit / Transverse particle oscillation and tune / Defining the beam size / General solution of the equation of motion: the amplitude betatron function / Phase space area of a particle ensemble: Beam emittance / Stability criterion in periodic structures. The Ideal Storage Ring: Lorentz force & particle momentum – defining the magnetic guide field / Focusing elements & the equation of motion / Single particle trajectories / Matrix description of lattice elements ![]()
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